Do Animal Cells Or Plant Cells Spend A Longer Time In Mitosis

Mitosis in plants and animals

Author(s): Jim Mauch and Jim Schwagle

Microscopy - Teacher's Guide
SED 695B; Autumn 2005

Onion root

Whitefish Blastula

Topics addressed

Clarification of Investigation

• Mitotic bicycle
• The part of Chromosomes in heredity
• Comparison of plant and animal cells

Today you will use prepared slides to investigate the phases of mitosis in both plants and animals.

• Longitudinal sections of the root of Allium, volition exist used to examine the cells in the root meristem, the growing region of the root.
• Whole mounts of whitefish blastula will illustrate reproductive cells in animals. These undifferentiated cells undergo mitosis at a regular interval as the embryo increases in number of cells and complexity.
• You volition brand observational drawings and exist prepared to accept a practical quiz.

Standards:

High School:

Cell Biology

1. The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism'southward cells. As a basis for agreement this concept:

c.

Students know how prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells (including those from plants and animals), and viruses differ in complexity and general structure.

Centre School:

Jail cell Biology

1. All living organisms are composed of cells, from merely one to many trillions, whose details usually are visible just through a microscope. Equally a ground for agreement this concept:

b.	Students know the characteristics that distinguish plant cells from beast cells, including chloroplasts and cell walls.
c.	Students know the nucleus is the repository for genetic information in plant and animal cells.
e.	Students know cells split up to increase their numbers through a process of mitosis, which results in two daughter cells with identical sets of chromosomes.
f.	Students know that as multicellular organisms develop, their cells differentiate.

Study Guide:

Plant and Beast Mitosis

Your objective:

Find and make observations of cells in each phase of mitosis in plant and animate being tissue. Compare the differences between constitute and animate being mitosis. Be able to correctly identify the phases from both establish and fauna tissue.

Materials:

• Prepared slide labeled 'Allium root, mitosis'
• Prepared slide labeled 'whitefish blastula, mitosis'
• compound microscope

Procedures:

• Fix upwards your microscope, place the onion root slide on the phase and focus on low (40x) power.
• move your slide so that your field of view is centered on the root tip.
• Focus at 100x and re center so that y'all are focused on the more 'foursquare' meristem cells.
• Focus at 400x.
• Slowly movement the slide and search for cells in each stage of mitosis
• When you have establish one, make a detailed observational drawing of that cell. Label all important structures (nucleus, chromosome, cell plate). Title the drawing with the type of jail cell, magnification, and stage of mitosis.
• Continue with your observations until y'all have constitute cells in each stage and both you and your partner tin easily identify each phase.
• Remove the onion root slide and supercede it with the whitefish blastula slide. Focus and center at 40x, 100x, and 400x magnification.
• As instructed to a higher place, locate and make observational drawings of each phase of mitosis.
• Answer the questions below and then let your instructor know you are gear up for your practical quiz.

Questions:

1. Which cells (plat or animal) shows the most regularity in the direction in which information technology divides? Give an caption for this deviation.
2. What bear witness of cytokinesis is visible in telophase in the onion root cells? Exercise you lot have this evidence in your drawing?
3. What show of cytokinesis is visible in telophase in the whitefish cells? Exercise you have this evidence in your drawing?

Onion Root

Whitefish Blastula

In both slides, you should exist looking for a distinct nucleus, at that place is the possibility of seeing ane or more nucleoli as darker stained regions inside the nucleus. The nucleus of these cells is particularly large.

The stains used in both slides should make chromosomes stand up out confronting the background. Darkly stained chromosomes will exist visible. Both of these pictures are in tardily prophase.

The chromosomes should line upwardly at the 'equator' of the cell during this phase. Information technology may have a picayune time to get used to what being 'in line' may mean, specially in the onion root slides, Think of the centromeres of each chromosome existence in a relative line while the ends of the chromosomes are dangling most. This is probably a bit more distinguishable in the plant cells. There are at present 2 bunches of chromosomes, (the chromatids have separated and are more than toward the poles). In both the plant and animal cells, the individual chromosomes are no longer distinguishable and the darkly stained genetic cloth is incased in new nuclear membranes. What evidence of cytokinesis exercise you lot run into in each picture?

References & Links:

Cells Alive: mitosis animation

University of Arizona Tutorial

Stephen Wolniak, U. of Maryland. Tutorial with high magnification photos

Source: http://www.csun.edu/scied/7-microscopy/mitosis/index.html

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